Kalender Aboge dalam Perspektif Fikih dan Astronomi Islam: Studi atas Tradisi Lokal di Probolinggo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/azimuth.v6i2.2865Keywords:
Aboge, kearifan lokal, kaidah fikih, al-‘adah muhakkamah, hukum IslamAbstract
Aboge (Alif Rebo Wage) merupakan sistem kalender Jawa-Islam yang berbasis peredaran bulan, namun menggunakan pola aritmatik tetap melalui siklus windu dan kurup tanpa melibatkan observasi hilal (rukyat) maupun perhitungan astronomis aktual (hisab hakiki). Dalam praktiknya, sistem ini masih digunakan oleh sebagian masyarakat di Desa Pondok Wuluh, Probolinggo, sehingga kerap menghasilkan perbedaan penetapan awal Ramadan dan hari raya dibandingkan dengan metode hisab-rukyat yang digunakan oleh Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah. Penelitian ini mengkaji sistem penanggalan Aboge (Alif Rebo Wage) dalam perspektif ilmu falak dan fikih Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-analitis berbasis studi kepustakaan, yang mengintegrasikan literatur ilmu falak, fikih, serta penelitian terdahulu, dan didukung data empiris praktik Aboge di masyarakat. Analisis difokuskan pada perbandingan antara sistem penanggalan Aboge dengan standar penentuan awal bulan Hijriah berbasis rukyat dan hisab modern. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara astronomis, Aboge memiliki konsistensi internal sebagai sistem aritmatik-siklikal, namun tidak memenuhi kriteria akurasi ilmiah karena tidak mempertimbangkan dinamika posisi bulan secara aktual. Sementara itu, dalam perspektif fikih, Aboge tidak dapat dijadikan dasar normatif dalam penentuan waktu ibadah mahdhah yang bersifat tauqifi, meskipun dapat dipahami sebagai bagian dari praktik ‘urf. Dengan demikian, posisi kalender Aboge lebih tepat ditempatkan sebagai bentuk hisab ‘urfī yang memiliki nilai historis, kultural, dan sosial, namun tidak memiliki otoritas dalam penetapan waktu ibadah yang mensyaratkan validitas astronomis dan dasar dalil syar‘i. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya diferensiasi yang tegas antara sistem kalender berbasis tradisi dan sistem kalender Islam modern, sekaligus membuka ruang koeksistensi antara keduanya dalam batas-batas yang proporsional.
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