Judges' Ratio Decidendi in Hate Speech Crime Decisions: A Study of Decision Number 255/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Jkt.Utr from an Islamic Criminal Law Perspective

Ratio Decidendi Hakim dalam Putusan Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian: Kajian Putusan Nomor 255/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Jkt.Utr Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam

Authors

  • Allian Sadira UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
  • Syahrul Anwar UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
  • Enceng Arif Faizal UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15642/aj.2026.12.1.20-48

Keywords:

hate speech; Islamic criminal law; maqasid al-shariah; social media; ta'zir.

Abstract

The development of social media has increased the ease of disseminating information while simultaneously giving rise to criminal acts of hate speech that have the potential to disrupt social order. One application is reflected in the North Jakarta District Court Decision Number 255/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Jkt.Utr which imposed a criminal sentence on the perpetrator of spreading provocative narratives through a WhatsApp group. This study aims to analyze the judge's legal considerations in the decision and examine them from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. The study employs a normative juridical method, utilizing a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results show that the judge's considerations focused on fulfilling the elements of Article 28 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 45A paragraph (2) of the ITE Law. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, this act is considered a jarimah ta'zīr because it contains elements that spread hostility, threatening public order and human honor. This criminalization is in line with the objectives of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, especially in maintaining social welfare, honor, and stability.

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Author Biographies

Syahrul Anwar, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Dr. H. Syahrul Anwar, M.Ag. is a faculty member holding the position of Senior Lecturer and Executive Secretary of the Center for Religious Moderation in the Islamic Criminal Law (Jinayah) Program at Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University. Active in research and scholarly publications, some of his works include: THE SCIENCE OF FIQH AND USHUL FIQH and Islamic Business and Economic Ethics in Facing Future Economic Challenges. In his academic activities, he teaches courses including: Professional Ethics in Sharia Economic Law, Ushul Fiqh I, Special Criminal Offenses, and Masail Fiqh Jinayah. His scholarly contributions relate to the themes of SDG 11, SDG 12, SDG 14, and SDG 16.

 

Ph.D. – Islamic Law, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University (2005–2009)
M.A. – Islamic Studies, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University (1999–2001)
B.A. – Comparative Islamic Schools of Thought, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University (1992–1996)

Enceng Arif Faizal, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Dr. Enceng Arif Faizal, M.Ag., is a faculty member holding the rank of Senior Lecturer in the Islamic Criminal Law (Jinayah) Program at Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University. Active in research and scholarly publications, some of his works include: Criminal Sanctions for the Smuggling of Imported Used Clothing Under Article 102 of Law No. 17 of 2006 from an Islamic Criminal Law Perspective and Reconstructing the Indonesian Legal System through the Lens of Mas’ lah’ah Mursalah. In his academic activities, he teaches courses including: ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW 3, Fatwas on Islamic Law in Indonesia (KKNI), Sharia Economic Law Profession, and History of Legislation. His scholarly contributions relate to the themes of SDG 16 and SDG 4.

 

Ph.D. – Islamic Law, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University (2013–2020)
M.A. – Islamic Studies, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University (2003–2005)
B.A. – Islamic Criminal Law (Jinayah), Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University (1994–1998)

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Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

Sadira, A., Anwar, S. ., & Faizal, E. A. (2026). Judges’ Ratio Decidendi in Hate Speech Crime Decisions: A Study of Decision Number 255/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Jkt.Utr from an Islamic Criminal Law Perspective: Ratio Decidendi Hakim dalam Putusan Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian: Kajian Putusan Nomor 255/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Jkt.Utr Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam. Al-Jinayah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam, 12(1), 20–48. https://doi.org/10.15642/aj.2026.12.1.20-48

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 (Forthcoming)

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Allian Sadira, Syahrul Anwar, Enceng Arif Faizal

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